The flush early and avoid the rush hypothesis holds after accounting for spontaneous behavior
نویسنده
چکیده
Dana M. Williams,a Diogo S.M. Samia,b William E. Cooper Jr,c and Daniel T. Blumsteina,d aRocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Box 519, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA, bDepartamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP. 131, 74001-970 Goiânia, Brazil, cDepartment of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805-1499, USA, and dDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
منابع مشابه
Do animals generally flush early and avoid the rush? A meta-analysis.
Optimal escape theory predicts that animals should balance the costs and benefits of flight. One cost of not fleeing is the ongoing cost of monitoring an approaching predator. We used a phylogenetic meta-analysis to test the general hypothesis that animals should initiate flight soon after they detect a predator-the 'flush early and avoid the rush' hypothesis. We found a large, significant over...
متن کاملBirds Flush Early and Avoid the Rush: An Interspecific Study
Since 1986, studies about the escape decisions made by prey are grounded in optimal escape theory (OET) which states that prey will initiate escape when the risk of remaining and the costs of leaving are equal. However, a recent hypothesis, Flush Early and Avoid the Rush (FEAR), acknowledged that the cost of monitoring approaching predators might be a ubiquitous cost. The FEAR hypothesis predic...
متن کاملNovel effects of monitoring predators on costs of fleeing and not fleeing explain flushing early in economic escape theory
Economic escape theory predicts flight initiation distance (FID, predator–prey distance when fleeing from an approaching predator begins), but currently cannot account for an observed increase in FID as alert distance (AD, predator–prey distance when a prey becomes alert to a predator), or its surrogate, starting distance (SD, predator–prey distance when approach begins) increases. The flush ea...
متن کاملPhi Index: A New Metric to Test the Flush Early and Avoid the Rush Hypothesis
Optimal escape theory states that animals should counterbalance the costs and benefits of flight when escaping from a potential predator. However, in apparent contradiction with this well-established optimality model, birds and mammals generally initiate escape soon after beginning to monitor an approaching threat, a phenomena codified as the "Flush Early and Avoid the Rush" (FEAR) hypothesis. ...
متن کاملExplaining the Relationship Between Sticky of Expenses with Prediction Error of Profit in Tehran Stock Exchange
One of the basic assumptions of management accounting illustrate that costschanges has a significance Relationship with increasing and decreasing in the levelof activity, recently after being raised of sticky costs issue by Anderson and hiscolleagues this assumption was discussed. It means Increases in costs by increasingthe more activity level of reduction in costs is exchange for the reductio...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2014